Founder effect in import of biocontrol agents

This means that release sites should be within driving distance of the mass-rearing station and that personnel are required to conduct releases on a regular basis over an extended period.Д®stablishment and efficacy: Results, both in establishing P. 2-3 years) increases the probability of establishment. >100,000) over an extended period of time (e.g. In general, it seems that releases of large numbers of larvae (e.g. A sophisticated, hygienic laboratory situation under the supervision of an entomologist is necessary to increase the chances of success.

pseudoinsulata is easily mass-reared in containers with cut foliage in the laboratory, it is highly susceptible to disease in this environment, a factor which has resulted in the failure of several release programs. Safety: The moth shows a good degree of specificity, feeding only on chromolaena and, as a secondary host, the closely related Ageratum conyzoides, which is also an invasive alien species in the Old World.Д®ase of rearing and release: Although P. Within dead leaves lower on the plant or on the ground.

Results in the entire plant turning yellow. Night, whereas older larvae move down during the day, ultimately spending this Young larvae remain on the plants, feeding at Solitary, eating holes through the leaves, and the largest larvae can eat entire Removing the surface of, and later skeletonising leaves. Females layД®ggs in batches on the underside of leaves. Introduced: This month is now widely established in the Old World (Table 1, Fig 2)ДЄdults are nocturnal, living about a week. Origin of biocontrol agent culture: Trinidad Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Lepidoptera: Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)Д¬ecidochares connexa Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae)ДЄctinote thalia pyrrha (Fabr.) and Actinote anteas (Doubleday & Hewitson) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)ДЄcalitus adoratus Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae)Д¬alycomyza eupatorivora Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (Table 1 and Figure 2 indicate which agents are established in which countries. (2009) and is used here with permission from Cambridge University Press A version of this map was published in Zachariades et al. Map generated by Jimaima Le Grand (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries). Neotropical insect species established on Chromolaena odorata in the Old World, on a country record basis. Insect species tested as potential biological control agents against Chromolaena odorata ДЇigure 2. Other invasive alien plants within the Eupatorieae Differences between AWA and SA chromolaena

Founder effect in import of biocontrol agents